ITPP
Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate · Oxygen-release enhancer (research chemical)
What it is
A compound that shifts hemoglobin's oxygen curve so tissues extract more oxygen — developed in academic labs for heart-failure and cancer contexts, adopted by endurance-doping circles and horse racing before humans got vials of it.
What human evidence shows
Animal studies (including the equine doping record — it was a horse-racing scandal drug first) and early oncology interest. Human performance data: none published. The mechanism is real biochemistry; the human dose-response is guesswork.
Risks
Uncharacterized human safety plus a mechanism that interacts with oxygen-sensing systems the body regulates tightly. Anti-doping detection methods exist, and it falls under WADA's prohibition of artificial enhancement of oxygen uptake, transport, or delivery.
Legal status
US: not FDA-approved for human use; prohibited in sport under WADA's oxygen-delivery rules.
Evidence base
emerging literature
Real human evidence: randomised trial reports, or review-level evidence backed by at least one human trial report.
- phase 3/4
- 0
- randomised
- 1
- reviews
- 1
- human trials
- 3
Counts are of published papers, not distinct trials, and measure how much research exists — not whether this works or is safe for you.
Research (12)
- iTPP: nature vs nurture?Blood · 2022
- Cole O, King AA. iTPP: nature vs nurture? Blood. 2022;140(12):1329-1330Blood · 2023
- New potential treatment for cardiovascular disease through modulation of hemoglobin oxygen binding curve: Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP), from cancer to cardiovascular diseaseBiomed Pharmacother · 2022
- Oxygen therapeutic window induced by myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP)-Local pO2 study in murine tumorsPLoS One · 2023
- The Allosteric Hemoglobin Effector ITPP Inhibits Metastatic Colon Cancer in MiceAnn Surg · 2017
- ITPP Treatment of RG2 Glioblastoma in a Rat ModelAnticancer Res · 2016
- Impact of myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP) on tumour oxygenation and response to irradiation in rodent tumour modelsJ Cell Mol Med · 2019
- Detection of myo-inositol tris pyrophosphate (ITPP) in equine following an administration of ITPPDrug Test Anal · 2014
- ITPP in early pancreatic zebrafish xenografts mildly impacts tumor cell death without interfering with vascular normalizationBMC Cancer · 2026
- Treatment of hypoxia-dependent cardiovascular diseases by myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP)-enhancement of oxygen delivery by red blood cellsJ Cell Mol Med · 2020
- Tumour suppressor PTEN activity is differentially inducible by myo-inositol phosphatesJ Cell Mol Med · 2023
- Screening and confirmation of myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP) in human urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography high resolution / high accuracy mass spectrometry for doping control purposesDrug Test Anal · 2014
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