Tesofensine
NS2330 · Triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor (appetite suppressant)
What it is
A serotonin-noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor originally developed for Parkinson's disease, later trialed for obesity. Never approved anywhere.
What human evidence shows
A Phase 2 obesity trial reported weight loss but also increased heart rate and other adverse effects. Development continued intermittently (including combination programs) without reaching approval anywhere.
Risks
The trial record itself documents the profile: elevated heart rate, insomnia, dry mouth, mood effects — a stimulant-pattern profile from a stimulant-pattern mechanism. Combining it with other stimulants or thyroid compounds stacks cardiovascular load. An unapproved CNS drug with no approved-label safety framework.
Stacking interactions
Documented interactions with other things people research. A compound not listed here does not mean the combination is safe — only that no specific interaction is on file.
Combining agents that raise serotonergic tone is the classic route to serotonin syndrome, a medical emergency.
Concurrent exposure to agents with sympathomimetic cardiovascular effects may further increase heart rate, blood pressure, or arrhythmia risk; pair-specific evidence varies.
Concurrent exposure to agents with sympathomimetic cardiovascular effects may further increase heart rate, blood pressure, or arrhythmia risk; pair-specific evidence varies.
Concurrent exposure to agents with sympathomimetic cardiovascular effects may further increase heart rate, blood pressure, or arrhythmia risk; pair-specific evidence varies.
Concurrent exposure to agents with sympathomimetic cardiovascular effects may further increase heart rate, blood pressure, or arrhythmia risk; pair-specific evidence varies.
Concurrent exposure to agents with sympathomimetic cardiovascular effects may further increase heart rate, blood pressure, or arrhythmia risk; pair-specific evidence varies.
Legal status
US: not FDA-approved; not scheduled. Any product sold for human use is an unapproved drug.
Evidence base
emerging literature
Strong human evidence: either a phase 3 or 4 trial report alongside review-level evidence, or ten or more randomised controlled trial reports.
- phase 3/4
- 0
- randomised
- 11
- reviews
- 1
- human trials
- 11
Counts are of published papers, not distinct trials, and measure how much research exists — not whether this works or is safe for you.
Research (12)
- Tesofensine, a monoamine reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of obesityCurr Opin Investig Drugs · 2009
- Tesofensine, a novel antiobesity drug, silences GABAergic hypothalamic neuronsPLoS One · 2024
- Tesofensine and weight lossLancet · 2009
- Tesofensine and weight lossLancet · 2009
- Weight loss produced by tesofensine in patients with Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseaseObesity (Silver Spring) · 2008
- Tesofensine, a novel triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor, induces appetite suppression by indirect stimulation of alpha1 adrenoceptor and dopamine D1 receptor pathways in the diet-induced obese ratNeuropsychopharmacology · 2010
- Expression of concern--effect of tesofensine on bodyweight loss, body composition, and quality of life in obese patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialLancet · 2013
- Tesofensine induces appetite suppression and weight loss with reversal of low forebrain dopamine levels in the diet-induced obese ratPharmacol Biochem Behav · 2013
- Tesofensine (NS 2330), a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, in patients with advanced Parkinson disease and motor fluctuations: the ADVANS StudyArch Neurol · 2008
- Under-reporting of adverse effects of tesofensineLancet · 2013
- Tesofensine, a novel triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor with anti-obesity effects: dopamine transporter occupancy as measured by PETEur Neuropsychopharmacol · 2014
- Triple monoamine inhibitor tesofensine decreases food intake, body weight, and striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in diet-induced obese ratsEur Neuropsychopharmacol · 2012
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