Electrolytes
Sodium / potassium / magnesium · Foundation
Salts lost through sweat and, notably, through GLP-1 appetite suppression and low food intake.
What the evidence says
Well-established physiology for replacing sweat losses. Branded "hydration" claims beyond that are mostly marketing.
What studies used
Varies with sweat, heat and intake. Around training or through the day.
Reported from published studies and product labelling — a record of what was used in research, not a recommendation. What is right for you is a conversation with a clinician.
Evidence base
established literature
Large human evidence base: several phase 3 or 4 trial reports, plus multiple meta-analyses or systematic reviews.
This letter measures how much human research exists, not whether it works for you — the tier above (Strong) is the read on quality.
Research (12)
- Non-flammable electrolytes for high-safety sodium-ion batteriesChem Soc Rev · 2025
- Ductile Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium BatteriesChem Rev · 2025
- A Review on Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsMicromachines (Basel) · 2022
- [Water-electrolytes]Langenbecks Arch Chir · 1972
- Soft Matter Electrolytes: Mechanism of Ionic Conduction Compared to Liquid or Solid ElectrolytesMaterials (Basel) · 2024
- Electrolytes Gone Wild in a 56-Year-Old ManClin Chem · 2020
- Electrolytes and blood gases (ionized calcium)Anal Chem · 1993
- Electrolytes in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of hypertensionPrim Care · 1991
- Arrhythmias and electrolytesJpn Circ J · 1962
- Electrolytes and acid-base balance in hypothermiaAm J Physiol · 1956
- ELECTROLYTES AND THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAMAm J Cardiol · 1963
- The electrolytes of freeze-dried plasmaScand J Clin Lab Invest · 1960
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