Glutathione (GSH)
The body's master antioxidant. Technically a tripeptide but functions more like a small-molecule biohacking adjunct. Often paired with NAD+ in IV protocols.
What it actually is
Glutathione IS a tripeptide (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine), but the biohacking and longevity scene treats it as an antioxidant adjunct rather than a 'peptide protocol', different use case entirely from BPC-157, semaglutide, etc. Filed here for context. Cells make their own glutathione from cysteine; supplemental GSH supports the pool when oxidative stress is high.
Why peptide users come across it
The canonical pairing for IV NAD+ at every longevity clinic. Used for liver support, immune resilience, post-illness recovery, alcohol-recovery protocols, and skin-brightening (popular in Asia). Common adjunct in heavy-metal detox programs.
Mechanism
Donates electrons via its thiol group to neutralize reactive oxygen species. Regenerates oxidized vitamins C and E. Substrate for glutathione peroxidase enzyme family. Essential cofactor for phase II liver detox conjugation reactions.
Documented dose range
Side effects
- Sulfur smell on skin or breath (high doses, transient)
- Mild GI upset with high oral doses
- Injection-site irritation (sub-q)
- Asthma-like reactions with nebulized form in sulfite-sensitive users
Contraindications
- Sulfite sensitivity (especially nebulized)
- Active organ transplant immunosuppression (theoretical interaction with mycophenolate)
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding (safety not established)
The Pepdex take
Liposomal oral is the workhorse for daily use, actually absorbs. The IV+NAD+ stack at clinics is real but expensive. Pair with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), NAC is the precursor and supports endogenous glutathione production at a tenth the cost.
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